-
1 church
church [tʃɜ:tʃ]1 noun∎ I saw her in church on Sunday je l'ai vue à l'église dimanche∎ to go to church (Protestants) aller au temple ou à l'office; (Catholics) aller à la messe ou à l'église;∎ do you go to church? êtes-vous pratiquant?(c) (denomination) Église f;∎ churches all over the world have condemned this decision toutes les Églises du monde ont condamné cette décision∎ to go into the church entrer dans les ordres;∎ to leave the church quitter les ordres(bell, roof) d'égliseBritish (gen) faire assister à la messe; (woman after childbirth) faire assister à la messe de relevailles∎ (institution) the Church l'Église f;∎ the Anglican Church l'Église f anglicane;∎ the (Roman) Catholic Church l'Église f catholique;∎ Church and State l'Église f et l'État m;∎ Church of Christian Science Église f de la Science chrétienne;∎ Church of England Église f anglicane;∎ Church of Scotland/Ireland Église f d'Écosse/d'Irlande;∎ Church of Rome Église f catholique►► the Church Commissioners = commission nommée par le gouvernement pour gérer les finances de l'Église d'Angleterre;Church Fathers Pères mpl de l'Église;church hall salle f paroissiale;Church House = siège du synode général de l'Église d'Angleterre;American familiar church key (bottle opener) décapsuleur□ m;church leader chef m de l'église;British church school = école primaire gérée par l'Eglise;church service office m, culte m;church wedding mariage m religieuxⓘ CHURCHES OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND L'Église d'Angleterre (anglicane) est l'Église officielle d'Angleterre; son chef laïc est le souverain, son chef spirituel l'archevêque de Cantorbéry. Par contre, la "Church of Scotland", en Écosse, est une église presbytérienne de tendance calviniste. C'est l'église officielle en Écosse depuis 1690: elle est régie par le "Moderator" qui est élu tous les ans par les membres de l'assemblée générale de l'Église. Les membres de son clergé s'appellent des "ministers", et la hiérarchie ne compte pas d'évêques. La branche écossaise de l'Église d'Angleterre se nomme "Episcopal Church in Scotland"; elle fut fondée au XVIème siècle et dispose d'un nombre de fidèles moins important que l'Église d'Écosse. Une troisième Église, la "Free Church of Scotland" fut établie par des protestants écossais dissidents au XIXème siècle. En Irlande il existe aussi la "Church of Ireland", qui est la branche irlandaise de l'Église d'Angleterre. -
2 church
church [t∫ɜ:t∫]1. nouna. ( = building) église f• the Church of Scotland/Ireland l'Église f d'Écosse/d'Irlande2. compounds* * *[tʃɜːtʃ] 1.1) ( building) (Catholic, Anglican) église f; ( Protestant) temple m2) (also Church) ( religious body) Église f2. -
3 church
2 ( also Church) ( religious body) Église f ; the Orthodox church l'Église orthodoxe ; the Church of England l'Église d'Angleterre ; to go into the church entrer dans les ordres ;3 ( service) ( in general) office m ; ( Catholic) messe f ; to go to church ( in general) aller à l'office ; ( Catholic) aller à la messe.B modif [bell, choir, clock, steeple] d'église ; [land] ecclésiastique ; [fête] paroissial ; [wedding] religieux/-ieuse.as poor as a church mouse pauvre comme Job. -
4 church
tʃə:tʃ
1. сущ.
1) церковь to consecrate, dedicate a church ≈ освящать церковь one of Britain's most historic churches ≈ одна из наиболее исторически значимых церквей в Великобритании I didn't see you in church on Sunday. ≈ Я не видел вас в церкви в воскресенье. go to church
2) церковь (организация) ;
вероисповедание Catholic church Christian Orthodox church Protestant church Baptist church Episcopal church Lutheran church Methodist church Presbyterian church evangelical church fundamentalist church Church of England Anglican Church
3) духовенство go into the Church enter the Church
2. прил.
1) церковный church member ≈ верующий church membership ≈ вероисповедание
2) принадлежащий к государственной, англиканской церкви
3. гл.
1) приводить или приносить в церковь (для крещения и т. п.)
2) совершать церковный обряд церковь;
храм, преим. христианский - to go to * ходить в церковь;
вступать в (церковный) брак церковь (организация) ;
вероисповедание - С. of England, English C. англиканская церковь - Broad C. "широкая церковь" (сторонники веротерпимости в англиканской церкви) - High C. "высокая церковь" (ортодоксальная англиканская церковь) - Low C. "низкая церковь" (одно из направлений в англиканской церкви) - Holy C., C. of Rome святая церковь, римско-католическая церковь - to what * does he belong? какого он вероисповедания? (разговорное) англиканская церковь (часто противопоставляется сектам) ;
государственная церковь (в Великобритании) (разговорное) богослужение - * is over богослужение окончено - after * после обедни духовенство - to go into the C. принимать духовный сан - he considered the * as a possible career он подумывал о том, чтобы стать священником > in the right * but in the wrong pew в целом верно, но в частностях неправильно > let the * stand in the churchyard (пословица) всему свое место церковный;
- * attire церковное облачение - * book церковная книга, требник;
(церковная) метрическая книга - * burial церковное погребение - * music церковная музыка - * flag (морское) церковный вымпел( поднимается во время богослужения) - * land(s) церковные земли - * living церковный приход (как должность и доход) - * member верующий;
принадлежащий к одному из (христианских) вероисповеданий - * membership вероисповедание;
принадлежность к (какой-л) церкви - * plate церковная утварь - * service церковная служба, богослужение;
(разговорное) молитвенник принадлежащий к государственной, англиканской церкви - * folk (разговорное) сторонники государственной церкви, англиканцы приводить или приносить в церковь (для крещения) совершать церковный обряд (над кем-л) ;
давать( очистительную) молитву (родильнице) ~ церковь;
Church of England, Anglican Church англиканская церковь church храм ~ церковный ~ церковь, храм ~ церковь;
Church of England, Anglican Church англиканская церковь ~ церковь ~ attr. церковный ~ церковь;
Church of England, Anglican Church англиканская церковь ~ service церковная служба, богослужение established ~ государственная церковь established: ~ учрежденный;
Established Church государственная церковь Free Church нонконформистская церковь free ~ свободная церковь free ~ церковь, отделенная от государства to go to ~ жениться;
выходить замуж;
to go into (или to enter) the Church принимать духовный сан to go to ~ жениться;
выходить замуж;
to go into (или to enter) the Church принимать духовный сан to go to ~ ходить в церковь;
быть набожным national ~ национальная церковь social work of the ~ социальная работа церкви state ~ государственная церковь -
5 church
[ʧɜːʧ] 1. сущ.1) церковьto consecrate / dedicate a church — освящать церковь
one of Britain's most historic churches — одна из наиболее исторически значимых церквей в Великобритании
I didn't see you in church on Sunday. — Я не видел вас в церкви в воскресенье.
2) ( Church) церковь ( организация); вероисповедание- Baptist Church
- Lutheran Church
- Methodist Church
- Presbyterian Church
- Evangelical Church
- Fundamentalist Church3) духовенство2. прил.to go into / enter the church — принимать духовный сан
1) церковный2) принадлежащий к государственной, Англиканской церкви, Церкви Англии••3. гл.as poor as a church mouse — бедный, как церковная мышь
1) приводить, приносить в церковь ( для совершения обряда) -
6 church
I [tʃəːtʃ] nцерковь, храм (христианский), вероисповедание- Christian Orthodox ChurchI didn't see you in church on Sunday. — Я не видел вас в церкви в воскресенье.
- Lutheran Church
- Protestant Church
- Baptist Church
- Presbyterian Church
- Holy Church
- Church of England
- Church of Rome
- go to church
- go into enter the Church
- consecrate a churchUSAGE:II [tʃəːtʃ] adj - church book
- church burial
- church music
- church lands
- church living
- church member
- church membership
- church plate
- church service -
7 confirmation
noun1) Bestätigung, die* * *[kon-]noun die Bestätigung, die Konfirmation* * *con·fir·ma·tion[ˌkɒnfəˈmeɪʃən, AM ˌkɑ:nfɚ-]nletter of \confirmation schriftliche Bestätigung* * *["kɒnfə'meISən]n1) Bestätigung fa letter in confirmation (of) — ein Brief m zur or als Bestätigung (+gen)
confirmation classes — Konfirmanden-/Firmunterricht m
* * *1. Bestätigung f:2. Bekräftigung f, (Be)Stärkung f3. Festigung f4. RELa) Konfirmation fb) KATH Firmung f:* * *noun1) Bestätigung, die2) (Protestant Ch.) Konfirmation, die; Einsegnung, die; (RC Ch.) Firmung, die* * *(church) n.Konfirmation (kirchlich) f. n.Bestätigung f. -
8 confirm
transitive verb1) bestätigen2) (Protestant Ch.) konfirmieren; (RC Ch.) firmen* * *[kən'fə:m]1) (to establish or make quite certain: They confirmed their hotel booking by letter.) bestätigen, bekräftigen2) (to admit to full membership of certain Christian churches.) konfirmieren•- academic.ru/15198/confirmation">confirmation- confirmand
- confirmed* * *con·firm[kənˈfɜ:m, AM -ˈfɜ:rm]I. vt1. (verify)▪ to \confirm sth etw bestätigen▪ to \confirm that... bestätigen, dass...2. (strengthen)to \confirm sb's faith jdn in seinem Glauben bestärkento \confirm sb's feelings/suspicion jds Gefühle/Verdacht erhärtento \confirm sb's opinion jds Meinung bekräftigen▪ to be \confirmed (into Roman Catholic Church) gefirmt werden; (into Protestant Church) konfirmiert werdenII. vi bestätigento \confirm by telephone/in writing telefonisch/schriftlich bestätigen* * *[kən'fɜːm]vt1) (= verify) bestätigenthis has confirmed me in my decision — das hat meinen Entschluss bekräftigt
his new play confirms him as our leading playwright — sein neues Stück stellt wieder unter Beweis, dass er unser führender Schauspieldichter ist
2) (= strengthen) bestärken; one's resolve also bekräftigen* * *confirm by oath eidlich bekräftigen;this confirmed my suspicions dies bestätigte meinen Verdacht;she confirmed his words sie bestätigte die Richtigkeit seiner Aussage2. a) einen Entschluss bekräftigen3. jemandes Macht etc festigen5. RELa) konfirmierenb) KATH firmen* * *transitive verb1) bestätigen2) (Protestant Ch.) konfirmieren; (RC Ch.) firmen* * *v.bekräftigen v.bestätigen v. -
9 confirm
con·firm [kənʼfɜ:m, Am -ʼfɜ:rm] vt1) ( verify)to \confirm sth etw bestätigen;to \confirm that... bestätigen, dass...2) ( strengthen)to \confirm sb's faith jdn in seinem Glauben bestärken;to \confirm sb's opinion jds Meinung f bekräftigento be \confirmed ( into Roman Catholic Church) gefirmt werden;( into Protestant Church) konfirmiert werden vi bestätigen;to \confirm by telephone/ in writing telefonisch/schriftlich bestätigen -
10 confirmation
con·fir·ma·tion [ˌkɒnfəʼmeɪʃən, Am ˌkɑ:nfɚ-] nletter of \confirmation schriftliche Bestätigung -
11 ministry
plural - ministries; noun1) (the profession, duties or period of service of a minister of religion: His ministry lasted for fifteen years.) sacerdocio, clerecía2) (a department of government or the building where its employees work: the Transport Ministry.) ministerioministry n ministeriotr['mɪnɪstrɪ]1 (gen) ministerio1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (priesthood) el clero, la clerecía, el sacerdocio\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL1) : ministerio m (en política)2) : sacerdocio m (en el catolicismo), clerecía f (en el protestantismo)n.• ministerio (Gobierno) s.m.• sacerdocio s.m.'mɪnəstri, 'mɪnɪstri1) ( Relig)the ministry — la clerecía; ( esp in the Catholic church) el ministerio sacerdotal, el sacerdocio
to go into o enter the ministry — hacerse* clérigo; ( esp in the Catholic church) hacerse* sacerdote
2) ( Pol)a) Ministry ( department) ministerio m, secretaría f (Méx)b) ( period of office) gestión f ministerial['mɪnɪstrɪ]1. N1) (Pol) ministerio m, secretaría f (Mex)2) (Rel) sacerdocio mto enter the ministry — hacerse sacerdote; (Protestant) hacerse pastor
2.CPDMinistry of Defence N — (Brit) ministerio m de Defensa
Ministry of the Interior N — ministerio m del Interior
Ministry of Transport N — ministerio m de Transporte
* * *['mɪnəstri, 'mɪnɪstri]1) ( Relig)the ministry — la clerecía; ( esp in the Catholic church) el ministerio sacerdotal, el sacerdocio
to go into o enter the ministry — hacerse* clérigo; ( esp in the Catholic church) hacerse* sacerdote
2) ( Pol)a) Ministry ( department) ministerio m, secretaría f (Méx)b) ( period of office) gestión f ministerial -
12 baptize
transitive verb* * *(to dip (a person) in water, or sprinkle (someone) with water, as a symbol of acceptance into the Christian church, usually also giving him a name: She was baptized Mary but calls herself Jane.) taufen- academic.ru/5404/baptism">baptism- baptismal* * *bap·tize[bæpˈtaɪz, AM ˈbæp-]vt▪ to \baptize sb jdn taufenI was \baptized Elizabeth ich wurde [auf den Namen] Elisabeth getauftto be \baptized a Protestant/Catholic protestantisch/katholisch getauft werden* * *[bp'taɪz]vttaufen* * *1. REL taufen (auch fig):2. fig reinigen, läutern* * *transitive verbbe baptized a Catholic/Protestant — katholisch/protestantisch getauft werden
* * *(US) v.taufen v. -
13 communion
noun1)[Holy] Communion — (Protestant Ch.) das [heilige] Abendmahl; (RC Ch.) die [heilige] Kommunion
receive or take [Holy] Communion — das [heilige] Abendmahl/die [heilige] Kommunion empfangen
2) (fellowship) Gemeinschaft, die* * *[kə'mju:njən](the sharing of thoughts and feelings; fellowship.) enge Verbindung- academic.ru/35269/Holy_Communion">Holy Communion- Communion* * *Com·mun·ion[kəˈmju:niən, AM -njən]to take one's First \Communion Erstkommunion feiernto give sb Holy \Communion jdm die heilige Kommunion spendento go to \Communion zur Kommunion gehen* * *[kə'mjuːnɪən]na sense of communion with nature — ein Gefühl nt der Verbundenheit mit der Natur
the communion of saints/the faithful — die Gemeinschaft der Heiligen/Gläubigen
to receive or take communion — die Kommunion/das Abendmahl empfangen
* * *communion [kəˈmjuːnjən] s1. Teilhaben n2. gemeinsamer Besitz:3. Gemeinschaft f (von Personen):communion of saints Gemeinschaft der Heiligen4. Verkehr m, Verbindung f, Umgang m, (enge) Gemeinschaft:hold communion with o.s. Einkehr bei sich selbst halten5. REL Religionsgemeinschaft f:receive into the communion of the Church in die Gemeinschaft der Kirche aufnehmengo to Communion zum Abendmahl gehen;Communion cup Abendmahlskelch m;Communion rail Altargitter n;Communion service Abendmahlsgottesdienst m;Communion table Abendmahlstisch m* * *noun1)[Holy] Communion — (Protestant Ch.) das [heilige] Abendmahl; (RC Ch.) die [heilige] Kommunion
receive or take [Holy] Communion — das [heilige] Abendmahl/die [heilige] Kommunion empfangen
2) (fellowship) Gemeinschaft, die* * *n.Abendmahl (kirchlich) n. -
14 Napier (Neper), John
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 1550 Merchiston Castle, Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 4 April 1617 Merchiston Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland[br]Scottish mathematician and theological writer noted for his discovery of logarithms, a powerful aid to mathematical calculations.[br]Born into a family of Scottish landowners, at the early age of 13 years Napier went to the University of St Andrews in Fife, but he apparently left before taking his degree. An extreme Protestant, he was active in the struggles with the Roman Catholic Church and in 1594 he dedicated to James VI of Scotland his Plaine Discovery of the Whole Revelation of St John, an attempt to promote the Protestant case in the guise of a learned study. About this time, as well as being involved in the development of military equipment, he devoted much of his time to finding methods of simplifying the tedious calculations involved in astronomy. Eventually he realized that by representing numbers in terms of the power to which a "base" number needed to be raised to produce them, it was possible to perform multiplication and division and to find roots, by the simpler processes of addition, substraction and integer division, respectively.A description of the principle of his "logarithms" (from the Gk. logos, reckoning, and arithmos, number), how he arrived at the idea and how they could be used was published in 1614 under the title Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio. Two years after his death his Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Constructio appeared, in which he explained how to calculate the logarithms of numbers and gave tables of them to eight significant figures, a novel feature being the use of the decimal point to distinguish the integral and fractional parts of the logarithm. As originally conceived, Napier's tables of logarithms were calculated using the natural number e(=2.71828…) as the base, not directly, but in effect according to the formula: Naperian logx= 107(log e 107-log e x) so that the original Naperian logarithm of a number decreased as the number increased. However, prior to his death he had readily acceded to a suggestion by Henry Briggs that it would greatly facilitate their use if logarithms were simply defined as the value to which the decimal base 10 needed to be raised to realize the number in question. He was almost certainly also aware of the work of Joost Burgi.No doubt as an extension of his ideas of logarithms, Napier also devised a means of manually performing multiplication and division by means of a system of rods known as Napier's Bones, a forerunner of the modern slide-rule, which evolved as a result of successive developments by Edmund Gunther, William Oughtred and others. Other contributions to mathematics by Napier include important simplifying discoveries in spherical trigonometry. However, his discovery of logarithms was undoubtedly his greatest achievement.[br]BibliographyNapier's "Descriptio" and his "Constructio" were published in English translation as Description of the Marvelous Canon of Logarithms (1857) and W.R.MacDonald's Construction of the Marvelous Canon of Logarithms (1889), which also catalogues all his works. His Rabdologiae, seu Numerationis per Virgulas Libri Duo (1617) was published in English as Divining Rods, or Two Books of Numbering by Means of Rods (1667).Further ReadingD.Stewart and W.Minto, 1787, An Account of the Life Writings and Inventions of John Napier of Merchiston (an early account of Napier's work).C.G.Knott (ed.), 1915, Napier Tercentenary Memorial Volume (the fullest account of Napier's work).KF
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